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Uto-Aztecan

Notes

Sound Shifts Posited by Stubbs

Note: C represents an unknown consonant.

Semitic b > Uto-Aztecan p

Example Words
Semitic b Uto-Aztecan p
baraq (lightning) parak (lightning)
Mayo: berok
baka (cry)
Aramaic: baka'
paka' (cry, yell)
Hebrew: batt (daughter) patti
Hebrew: boo' (coming, way to) pooC (road, way, path)
Aramaic: besar (flesh, penis) pisa (penis)
byt/bayit/beet (house) piti (house, lie down, spend night)
Tarahumara: bete (house)
Numic: payiC (go home)
bytu/bat-uu (spend the night) pitu (lie down, spend night)
Arabic: bsr (see); baasirat (eye)
Hebrew: booseret (eye)
pusi (eye)
bsq (swell) posa (swell)
bws/byd (be white); buus (white linen) pos (white)
Timbisha: poosit (be white)

Semitic d > Uto-Aztecan t

Example Words
Semitic b Uto-Aztecan p
dubur (buttocks, rear) tupur (buttocks, hip)

Semitic g > Uto-Aztecan k

Semitic q > Uto-Aztecan k

Proto-Semitic th (Arabic th, Aramaic d, and Hebrew z) > Uto-Aztecan t

Semitic ' (glottal stop) > Uto-Aztecan w

Semitic initial r > Uto-Aztecan t

Semitic voiceless pharyngeal (h) > Uto-Aztecan hu or w/o/u

Semitic voiceless pharyngeal (h) > Uto-Aztecan w/o/u or sometimes hu in the initial position

Semitic emphatic s > Uto-Aztecan s

Semitic pharyngealized t > Uto-Aztecan c (ts) > Sometimes weakens further to s

Cross-References