The 7 Deadly Sins are an extra-biblical categorization for sins. The categories of Lust and Pride mirror categories mentioned in the Book of Mormon. The Book of Mormon also mentions murder as a category, which does not have a very direct corollary in the 7 Deadly Sins.
While the Book of Mormon categorizations focus on the types of sins based on their own properties, the 7 Deadly Sins is fundamentally more focused on something like root character flaws that manifest themselves through different types of sins.
The Seven Deadly Sins are typically identified as pride, greed, lust, envy, gluttony, wrath and sloth. The tradition from which these categories originate has also historically considered other other categories; acedia, vainglory, and tristitia. "Acedia" most literally refers to a failure to love one's spouse, family, and/or progenitors, however, as a category it denoted the idea of neglecting to take care of something that one should do. It is connected to the idea of depression and apathy, though "tristitia" connects most directly with elements of depression and sadness. Modern sloth seems to be a unification of "tristitia" and "acedia". Vainglory, for its part, unjustified boasting, was combined with pride.
It is probably worth mentioning that the seven deadly sins are an early form of categorization analogous with what, today, we might call personality disorders, often corresponding with unhealthy combinations of personality dimension, or even simply, personality extremes. Personally, I like to think that personality attributes color our understanding of the world, and make us prone to various errors in judgement (cognitive distortions), manifesting in maladaptive behaviors, which can make it difficult for us to operate effectively in the world to either take care of ourselves, to reproduce, to maintain relationships, or to otherwise pursue our goals in a way that would allow us to feel some measure of satisfaction in life, in harmony with others. This kind of failure to operate with basic effectiveness in the real world, due to personality issues, constitutes a personality disorder, and is very similar to what constitutes the idea of sin. We are all imperfect in our ability to operate with optimal effectiveness effectively and harmoniously in the world to some degree, and hence we all fall short of God's perfection, and sin. (Though sin, generally, is understood to only include such actions undertaken willfully in rebellion against laws that we know, I think I have come to doubt how clear-cut this distinction is. In the end, if we are fundamentally incapable of seeing the world clearly enough to effectively obey God, can we really imagine that we can become like him? In addition, it is hard to fathom how much of our blindness and the blindness of others might be willful.)